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Poultry farming in India and its future prospects
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Saturday, 18 November, 2006, 08 : 00 AM [IST]
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Dr K Ravikumar
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ears old, in the last 40 years it began to witness tremendous growth from backyard to poultry industry. India has 18% of world's human population and has 15% of livestock population and has 6,00,000 villages inhabited by 53.8 million tribals which is 7.5% of the total population of the country (Mukharjee et.al., 1999). Since prehistoric period animal husbandry, including poultry rearing, has played a pivotal role in the tribal society. Poultry is reared by poorest of the poor in Indian villages. The other livestock like cow, buffalo, pig are reared by better economic status people in the villages. FAO 1998 special programme for food supply (SPFS) opined the poultry farming as a crucial element in the struggle for sustained food production and poverty alleviation among weaker section of the society. The poultry industry in India is transferring itself into an incredible pace from an age-old backyard avocation to dynamic agri-livestock industry. There are about 60,000 poultry farms in the country under intensive system in urban and peri-urban regions and one lakh small poultry farms comprising 50 to 1000 birds in rural areas.
A majority of the poultry industry is in the organised sector contributing nearly 70% of the total output and the rest 30% in the unorganised sector. The broiler industry is well dominated in southern states in our country with nearly 60-70% total output coming from these states. The layer industry once again is represented more in southern states especially, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra producing nearly 70% of the country's egg production. India's 75% of egg produce is consumed by the 25% population living in urban and semi-urban areas. There are 700 to 800 hatcheries operating in the country. Per capita consumption The National Institute of Nutrition has recommended 180 eggs and 11 kg of meat per capita consumption for our country. At present,
*The per capita availability of meat is 1.6 kg.
*Per capita availability of egg: 1.8 kg (42 eggs).
*Average consumption in major cities: 170 eggs
*Average consumption in smaller cities: 40 eggs
*Average consumption of developed rural areas: 20 eggs
*Average consumption of undeveloped rural areas: 5 eggs
*Vegetarian: 20% of Indian population is vegetarian. In spite of this, with the rise of middle class and increased urbanisation people prefer to go for non-vegetarian.
The Indian poultry industry employs more than 3 million farmers and 15 million agrarian farmers who grow poultry ingredients for feed and contributes.Rs 26,000 crore to the national income. Indian poultry meat productions growth is: India is the fifth largest producer of egg and ninth largest producer of poultry meat. India was positioned 17th in the world poultry production. Indian poultry production is the cheapest in the world. Leading broiler integrators in India are:
1.Venkateswara Group (Pune)
2.Suguna Poultry Farms Ltd (Coimbatore)
3.Pioneer Poultry Group (Coimbatore)
4.Godrej Agrovet Ltd (Mumbai)
5.Sky Lark group (North India)
6.Jafa com feed
These companies account for nearly 40% of broiler industry integrators/contracts. Pioneer Poultry group introduced the concept of contract farming in the year 1980 and the concept of integration was introduced by Suguna farms in 1990. Poultry farming came to be accepted as a viable activity by mid 60s and the real thrust to development came in 1971 with the establishment of Venkateswara Hatcheries Pvt Ltd, by the late Dr B V Rao. The Central Poultry Breeding Farms laid the foundation for the development of poultry industry during 1959. Other agencies such as ICAR (CARI) contributed much in the R&D sector.
Commercial poultry
India has emerged as the only country in the developing world a self-reliant, technology driven industry, with capability to produce every essential input for successful poultry farming including indigenous genetic resource and breeding, world class poultry vaccines and medicines, specific pathogen free eggs (SPF), farms and hatchery automation systems, pelleted feed, egg processing, poultry processing, nationwide network of disease diagnostic laboratories and facilities for entrepreneurial development and training in both private and public sectors.
Rural poultry production
Rural poultry production constitutes important component of agricultural economy in India, small poultry holder are practically capable of more significant contribution to alleviate malnutrition, poverty and unemployment. A spectacular progress has been made from subsistence to sustainable production system. Indian backyard population increase is only by 16% in the last 30 years from 60 to 70 million. China's 76% of total egg comes from rural backyard production. India requires both mass production as well as production by masses. Rural poultry which has been almost written off under the impact of ignorance, modernisation, industrialisation are slowly re-emerging as viable components in future. Egg scenario.India produces 3.6% of global egg production, i.e., 61 million tonnes. The annual growth rate of egg is 5 to 8%. India has the lowest cost of egg production in the world at 2.55 US cents per egg.
Value added products
The introduction of new poultry products and perceptible shift in eating habits are moving people to branded food such as chicken yummiez, cold cuts, breaded and coated snacks, marinated snacks, chicken nuggets, canned chicken curry, freeze dried chicken pulao, meat soup, powder omlette and scrambled egg mixtures, sandwich, pizza, burger and dial-a-chicken and fast food joints, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), McDonald's, Wimpy, Pizza Hut all these are going to change the palatability of the chicken consumer.
Medical uses
Chicken eggs are used to produce source of molecules to treat snake bite. Duck embryos are used to manufacture anti-rabies vaccine.Diet eggs or designer eggs are going to boost special eggs for vitamin E substitution, Omega fatty acids and antioxidant requirements.Poultry eggs and meat have got sensorial, curative, nutritive and therapeutic potential. Poultry is labour intensive and has a potential to create 25,000 more jobs on the consumption of one more egg per capita and similarly 25,000 additional jobs on the consumption of 100 gm more chicken meat.
India is expected to produce 260 million layers (77700 million eggs) and 3500 million broilers (5.9 million tonnes) by the year 2010. Per capita consumption of meat will be around 3.5 to 4.5 kg and eggs will be around 65 and it is expected to contribute Rs 60,000 crore. No agriculture sector is growing as fast as the Indian poultry, making it the most dynamic rapidly emerging sector of livestock economy. The export of poultry meat at present is worth Rs 150 crore and is expected to reach Rs 1,500 crore by 2010. Indian agriculture contributes 28 per cent to the GDP of which 17% is contributed by poultry. Poultry is the only industry where modern technology co-exists with the traditional poultry keeping because poultry technology is appropriate, adaptable, accessible, available and affordable both for the rich and the poor.
Recent positive developments of poultry industry
*India as a country free from the bird flu.
*West Bengal gears up to livestock highway.
*Bihar A H Secretary assures all the help to improve poultry industry.
*NABARD committed to bring about rural prosperity through poultry (rural and industrial).
*Meeting of sub-group of poultry has
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