After eight years of collaborative work, two high-oleic groundnut lines - Girnar 4 (ICGV 15083) and Girnar 5 (ICGV 15090) - have been identified by India’s coordinated release programme to go commercial. This means processors and consumers in India will now have access to heathier groundnut-based food products and oil with a longer shelf life.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) with health benefits including reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is preferred to normal groundnut oil and products such as confectionery, flour, cake, butter, etc., as studies show that high-oleic groundnut oil and products are less prone to oxidation, hence giving an extended shelf life.
This first commercialisation of high oleic groundnut varieties in India meets the food industry’s and the consumer’s needs for a longer shelf life and improved health benefits.
Announcing the decision, Dr Radhakrishnan, director, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Directorate of Groundnut Research (ICAR-DGR), said, “At the annual groundnut workshop held recently, the Variety Identification Committee identified the two varieties, with about 80 per cent oleic acid content to release for cultivation in India.”
“The recommendation by the Committee was based on multi-location testing conducted under the All-India Co-ordinated Research Project on Groundnut (AICRP-G) in 2017 and 2018,” he added.
The AICRP-G is a Government of India-led, multi-institutional research collaboration of multi-disciplinary teams across the ICAR-DGR, State Agricultural Universities and ICRISAT.
The two high oleic groundnut lines identified for release have kernel oleic acid content of about 80 per cent (of the total fat content) as against 40-50 per cent in the normal groundnut kernels.
It reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (considered bad cholesterol) and maintains high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels or good cholesterol, making them far healthier.
“This is an exciting phase of groundnut breeding in India,” said Dr Peter Carberry, director general, ICRISAT.
“Food processing industries in the USA and Australia have successfully tapped the potential of high oleic groundnuts and actors across the value chains benefited,” he added.
“Argentina exploited high-oleic groundnut through high-value exports. With food processors keen to source high-oleic groundnuts from India for shelf-life benefits, this release can benefit many segments, including farmers,” said Dr Carberry.
Multi-season and site testing since 2014 have shown that the agronomic performance of the high-oleic lines is significantly superior to the local popular varieties. ICGV 15090 and 15083 recorded 46 per cent and 42 per cent higher pod yield, respectively than the national check, TG 37 A.
Dr Janila Pasupuleti, principal groundnut breeder, and leader of the groundnut breeding team, ICRISAT, attributed the success to partnerships and the financial assistance from the National Mission for Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP), Department of Agriculture, Co-operation and Farmers’ Welfare (DoAC & FW), Government of India.
Dr Kiran Sharma, deputy director general, research, ICRISAT, and director, CGIAR Research Programme on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP-GLDC), noted that the commercialisation of high-oleic groundnut varieties, is an example of market-oriented crop breeding that results in benefits to all value chain actors, including smallholder farmers.
He reiterated that the way forward is a closed loop value chain for high-oleic groundnuts to ensure high-genetic purity of seed supplied to farmers for high quality to meet the standards of processors.
The breeding work was supported by ICRISAT’s Genetic Gains research programme and partners. Genomic tools that enabled early generation selection, wherein molecular markers developed at University of Georgia, USA, for two FAD (fatty acid desaturase) mutant alleles were used in marker-assisted breeding to develop high-oleic groundnut lines.
The linked allele-specific and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers for both the mutant alleles were used in the breeding.
Robust, non-destructive, and cost-effective evaluation using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy enabled the identification of high-oleic groundnut lines in Spanish and Virginia Bunch background.
The fast-track development, testing and advancement were possible through the use of low-cost controlled conditions for reducing generation interval, early generation and multi-location testing.
The partners in this effort in India include Indian Council of Agriculture Research - Directorate of Groundnut Research (ICAR-DGR), Junagadh; Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh; Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; Regional Agricultural Research Station, ANGRAU, Tirupati, and Regional Agricultural Research Station, PJTSAU, Palem.